ix The productive capacities of exploited species and ecosystems have to be determined and it has to be ensured that utilization does not exceed those capacities. Only those uses which are compatible with their preservation should be permitted. Water is one of the natures precious gifts to mankind. are needed for them. which are generally hunted. after death of wild animals; though now-a-days it is legally wild life essay and not in practices. Priority is given belonging to monotypic genera, endangered over vulnerable, vulnerable over rare and rare over other species, wild life essay.
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Home About Disclaimer Privacy Policy Contact. Short Essay on 'Wildlife' Words. in Animals and Birds. Email This BlogThis! Share to Twitter Share to Facebook Share to Pinterest. Labels: Animals and Birds. Newer Post Older Post Home. Facebook Fans. Follow Us FACEBOOK TWITTER YOUTUBE RSS. Powered by Blogger. Total Pageviews. Most Popular. Short Essay on 'Dr. Abdul Kalam' Words. Full name of 'Dr. Abdul Kalam' was 'Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam'. He was born on October 15, at Dh Short Essay on 'Mahatma Gandhi' Words. Full name of 'Mahatma Gandhi' was Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. He was born in Porebandar of Gujarat, India on 2 October Short Essay on 'Narendra Modi' Words.
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Let academics write a perfect Wildlife just for you! Introduction The giant panda also known as Ailuropoda melanoleuca is a magnificent mammal. Pandas are white bears, with black eye patches, ears, legs, feet, shoulders and chest. A giant panda can grow close to six feet long and weighs about pounds. They are as big as the black bear. These animals have large heads with rounded ears. Their eyes have slit pupils. They have chubby cheeks with strong jaws and teeth with large, sharp molars for crushing bamboo stalks. Pandas have flexible front paws with a sixth digit that works like a human thumb to allow the panda to Continue reading Background Because the Antarctic region of the Southern Ocean has long been over-exploited by man, urgent action may be necessary to protect the future of its wildlife - much of which is unique.
In the past, seals and whales were formerly hunted almost to the point of extinction. This has led to growing concern that commercial exploitation of existing fish stocks could bring about serious damage. Owen, Increased catches of krill and of fish in the Southern Ocean could cause a catastrophic collapse of the marine ecosystem of that ocean Owen, The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Continue reading People recall the excitement of seeing how big elephants and giraffe really are in person, seeing an African lion and hearing it roar in your presence and being, nearly, face to face with a gorilla looking into its eyes.
This is a unique experience that would ever have been possible any other way; it is the only real opportunity most people have to see exotic animals from all across the globe. However, not everyone perceives zoos, of any Continue reading Introduction The purpose is the paper is to present scientific evidences to confirm the presence of endocrine disruptor ED in the environment and the risk on human health upon exposure to this compound. The paper also presents scientific records on the origins of this substance in the environment and various effects that it can create to living organisms. There is an ongoing debate over the effects of endocrine disrupters ED or xenoestrogens on human being. Scientists have shown the adverse effects of this compound on human health, but there are skeptics who do not think that there is enough evidence Continue reading The Metropolitan Museum has combined most of the non-Western materials in a single wing named the arts of Africa, Oceania and the Americas.
The exhibit is stunning with a wide variety of beautiful and quite large objects. Monumental wooden objects from Africa and New Guinea fill the display space. The museum balances the use of both traditional and modern exhibit forms to present the cultures of societies. Examples include reenactment, period setting, dioramas, photography, audio and video Continue reading Recently, President Barack Obama cited numerous ecological and fiscal protests against the building of the Keystone XL Pipeline facility. The construction and operation of the facility is expected to generate and sustain approximately 40, jobs. It must be noted that the debate regarding the Keystone facility resembles that of another highly charged environment related project, the Trans-Alaska pipeline facility Moore, Griffith 1.
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It affects them at the different stages of their life-cycle. The animals having narrow range of tolerance of temperature are restricted to the specific areas only, whereas the animals having greater range of tolerance of temperature are widely distributed. According to this, the animals living in cold region are much larger than the warmer region. For example, the largest polar bears are found in far north in cold climate whereas the smaller black bears are living in warmer climate. Furthermore; it is well known that of a given species, the races which inhabit desert areas are always pale or sandy-coloured whereas those living under the influence of heavy rainfall, in well-wooded or humid tracts, tend to be darker in colouration.
It is assumed that the reduced force of ultraviolet rays due to water vapour suspended in the air may account for the darkening. The rule says that the temperature together with light and moisture governs the colour of many animals. In warm humid climate, majority of birds and mammals are darker than the animals living in cold or dry climate. Temperature has apparent control on the number of vertebrae in certain species of fishes. The fishes living in low water temperature have more vertebrae than those living in warm water as found in cool-fish. As per this rule; the tail, neck and other external parts of the animals living in colder parts are compact as well as shorter in comparison with the animals living in warmer parts. For example, the ear sizes of three different species of fox Arctic fox, Red fox and Desert fox have different sizes of the pinna.
Their ear-sizes pinna are found increasing from arctic to desert fox. Arctic fox has smallest ear-size, Red-fox has bigger and Desert fox has the biggest size. It is assumed that the shorter ear-size will reduce the area of exposure and, thus, help in reduction in loss of heat from the body. We know that water plays an important role in the existence of the living organisms and comes under basic need of the animals for all types of metabolic-reactions of the body. Even various animals have adopted for aquatic-life fresh water or salt water.
The animals which can tolerate narrow fluctuation of the salt-concentration are called as stenohaline and which can tolerate wide range is called as euryhaline. Of course; all the animals, whether aquatic or terrestrial, require water. On the hand, there are various aquatic-adaptations in aquatic animals; on the other hand, there are various adaptive-features to conserve water in the animals living in dry and desert places. For such particular mode of life; animals have developed morphological, anatomical and physiological adaptations. Thus, water acts as a limiting-factor for the animals living in any ecosystem. Any factor, which approaches or exceeds the limits of tolerance, is said to be limiting-factor.
If in a particular habitat, the scarcity of food, water or shelter arises at any stage or time then it is called the limiting-factor for that particular thing of that habitat. For example; the scarcity of food will be limiting-factor for food, scarcity of water will be limiting-factor for water and likewise scarcity of shelter will be the limiting-factor for shelter and soon. The period in which limiting-factor — arises is called as pinch-period. In case of aquatic animals, oxygen acts as a limiting-factor because it is in scarce in water but the same is not as a limiting-factor for the terrestrial animals where it is in abundance. The distribution of water also determines the carrying-capacity of a habitat.
By creating more waterholes in an area, carrying-capacity can be enhanced. The wildlife is more concentrated at the watery areas. Besides this, relative-humidity also determines the occurrence of specific vegetation as well as distribution and availability of the animals. It is clear that the animals depend upon the vegetation for food and the vegetation is dependent upon the water and its distribution. Hence; the ecological factors, abiotic and biotic, act as limiting- factors with respect to that organism. It is the established fact that the amount of a substance below or above the certain limits may also limit the abundance or distribution of a species. For example, carbon-dioxide is necessary for growth of green plants through photosynthesis.
Small increase in its concentration increases the rate of plant growth; but if the concentration is increased significantly, it becomes toxic. According to him, all environmental-factors have a tolerable limit, the critical- minimum and critical-maximum. If for a particular species, the tolerance exceeds its limit, the species will disappear from that particular area, as long as such condition exists. Generally, it is difficult to identify a single limiting- factor because presence and absence of an organism or a group of organisms in an ecosystem depends upon a complex of factors and entire complex of conditions involved. Therefore, the approach towards the limiting-factor should cover all the aspects of ecosystem and a single species approach may not be helpful in proper understanding of the various interactions in population, factors, habitat etc.
For wildlife management, we should follow wholestic concept of the ecosystem. If we view wildlife from close quarters and juxtapose our observations and all the major disciplines, we simply cannot believe how important wildlife is. b Food-chains or passage of food and energy through series of populations comprising producers, consumers and micro-organisms, and. c Natural cycles or circulation of inorganic nutrients between biotic and abiotic environments, prevention of leaching and run-off. Thus it preserves the environment as a self-sustaining system. It balances population and maintains food-chains and natural-cycles. The most direct relationship of preservation of wildlife to human progress is its significance as gene banks for breeding programmes in agricultural, animal husbandry and fishery.
Wildlife serves as a gene banks for breeding improved varieties in agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. Plant and animal breeders have been able to produce high-yielding and disease-and-stress resistant varieties which form the backbone of modern agriculture. Average life of a crop variety is years. More application of fertilizers, irrigation and pesticides cannot raise production unless a variety of a crop or of an animal has the genetic potentiality to respond to improved inputs. To develop such varieties, a very wide range of plants or animals has to be screened and selected.
Scientists have been constantly examining the wild relatives of crop plants for the presence of useful genes that can be introduced to breeding programmes. Hence, gene- bank maintenance is essential. i Some old rice varieties from Kerala saved rice cultivation when Nilaparvata lugens Brown Plant Hopper attacked all modern rice varieties. It was incorporated in IR by Dr. Khush and others. iii In potatoes, resistance to late blight has been incorporated from Solanum demissum, mosaic virus and leaf roll virus from Solanum acaule, mosaic virus Y from Solanum stoloniferum damping-off and nematodes from Solanum spegazzini. The production of high-yielding, disease-resistant crops, livestock and fish cannot continue without the wild relatives of the cultivated varieties.
Since the average life of a crop variety is only years, new varieties are constantly being produced to meet the changing demands. We cannot predict which species become useful to us in the future. With increasing knowledge and skills, man is busy finding new uses for the traditionally used species. If penicillium had been eliminated from the earth before man could discover its antibiotic properties or Cinchona had become extinct from Peru before quinine was discovered, some of the severest infectious diseases would have continued to savage the world. Man is the only species who has widely used the hidden values of a wide range of species around him. He is aware that the rich diversity of organisms today is the product of natural evolution stretching unbroken through 3.
A species once lost cannot be retrieved. Therefore, it would be unethical to be responsible for the destruction of a species. We have an evolutionary responsibility to conserve biological diversity for our descendants. Pollination in certain plants is performed by wild animals like birds; insects etc. Scavengers and decomposers wild animals like vultures, eagles, jackals, hyaenas etc. as well as micro-organisms, which feed upon dead animals, convert them into different nutrients and release energy back to the nature increasing fertility of the soil. They do very important work of cleaning the environment; otherwise what the fate of this planet will be, can be assumed.
For research purposes and studies of anatomy, physiology, ecology, evolutionary aspects; wild animals are used, which help in saving human life. It is prevented by plant cover, litter, mixing of litter by movement of wild animals and conversion to spongy humus by micro-organisms. Timber, firewood, paper, gum, resins, tannins, several drugs, essential oils, spices, lac, silk, honey, hair, feathers, guano the dung of sea-fishes used as manure or the manure made from fish , leather, musk, ivory etc. are obtained from wildlife. v Hide, ivory etc. after death of wild animals; though now-a-days it is legally banned and not in practices.
It is also fragmented product of the plant , drugs and other useful products may be obtained in future from wildlife. India is rich in biodiversity including the wildlife. Its wildlife includes rare animals like the lion in Gir forests of Gujarat, elephants in Kerala and Assam jungles, rhinoceros is found in Assam and northern West Bengal. The Bengal tiger of Sunderbans is really ferocious to look at. Rewa in Madhya Pradesh is known for the White tigers. Gaur or Indian bison is another big animal common in Central parts of India. The Rann of Kutch has the wild ass. Rajasthan has cranes and Indian bustard. The country has a large species of deer and antelope. It has crocodiles and gharials in rivers and salt water.
There is a large variety of monkeys, snakes and other reptiles. Tortoises are also very common. Besides these animals, it has very large varieties of birds and fishes. Tiger is our National Animal and Peacock is our National Bird. Many of these species have become rare. Some are almost on the way to extinction. With growing population, forests are recklessly cut down. The hunger for cultivated land, for building, big dams and hydel power projects has snatched the homeland of wild animals. Many people kill them for fun of hunting. Indian Cheetah and other so many animals have become extinct in recent years.
It is high time that we give up our arrogance and carelessness towards the wildlife. The Government has setup several sanctuaries, national parks, projects etc. Hunting of animals is prohibited so that they may thrive in peace. They are a source of income and employment to a large number of people, serving domestic and international tourists. Conservation is defined as the management of human use of the biosphere so that it may yield the greatest sustainable benefit to present generation while maintaining its potential to meet the needs and aspirations of future generations. It is scientific management of wildlife so as to maintain it at its optimum level and derive sustainable benefit for the present as well as future generations.
The conservation of wildlife is directly related to healthy and better forests. Wildlife conservation includes protection, preservation, perpetuation of rare species of plants and animals in their natural habitats. iii To ensure sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems which support millions of rural communities as well as major industries. Thus, conservation of living resources is a complex operation which is specifically concerned with plants, animals and the microorganisms; and with those non-living elements of the environment on which they depend. Wildlife conservation as well as its propagation through the proper management techniques is a must. Sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, projects etc. have been created for exclusively protecting the wild flora and fauna in all parts of the world as a part of broad wildlife management prospective.
i All efforts should be made to preserve the species that are endangered throughout the range. The species that are sole representative of their family or genus should receive special attention. An endangered species should be given priority over vulnerable one, a vulnerable species over a rare one and a rare species over other categories. All the threatened species is protected. Priority is given belonging to monotypic genera, endangered over vulnerable, vulnerable over rare and rare over other species. ii Prevention of extinction requires sound planning and management of land and water uses. The wildlife should be protected both in their natural habitat in situ and in zoo and botanical gardens ex situ.
iii As many varieties as possible of food crops, forage plants, timber trees, livestock, animals for aquaculture, and their wild relatives and microbes should be preserved. Priority should be given to those varieties that are most threatened and are most needed for national and international breeding programmes.
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